Oil prices driving U.S. military to alternative energy sources

David Pugliese, CanWest News Service; Ottawa Citizen
Published: Saturday, February 24, 2007
In the next few months, U.S. troops at an outpost somewhere in Iraq will unpack a mini power station capable of producing electricity from both solar and wind sources.

It's hoped that the station, with its wind turbines and huge solar panels, will provide enough electricity for soldiers to cut back their reliance on the base's huge diesel-powered generators that operate around the clock.

In laboratories in the U.S., defence researchers are examining alternatives to fossil fuels with the hope of one day using hydrogen or electrical sources to power army vehicles.

In December, the U.S. air force conducted a successful flight test involving a B-52 bomber using a synthetic fuel made from natural gas. For its part, the U.S. navy has redesigned some of the propulsion systems on-board its vessels to improve fuel efficiency and is looking at making changes to ship propellers to get additional savings.

It's all part of a major effort by the Pentagon, the single largest buyer of oil in the world, to kick its fossil fuel habit.

But the push has little to do with saving the environment. At the heart of the program is national security and the growing concern among generals and lawmakers that the American military machine is too reliant on petroleum-based fuels from unstable regions.story continued

HCNG: An alternative to coal and oil?

Zane Alcorn
24 February 2007


A small Western Australia-based company, Eden Energy, is working on a project to convert most of India’s public buses to run on a cleaner type of gas that will reduce smog in packed Indian cities. Eden Energy owns the patent for a fuel known as Hythane, or HCNG, a compressed mixture of hydrogen and compressed natural gas.


Scientists discovered that adding hydrogen to natural gas makes it burn more cleanly, reducing its emission of pollutants (notably reducing smog-causing nitrous oxide emissions by around 50%). Hydrogen combines with oxygen when burnt, creating water vapour (and not CO2).

In December, Eden signed a contract to work with Chennai-based Indian bus manufacturer Ashok Leyland to modify Indian buses built to run on natural gas to use HCNG so that they will have much lower CO2 emissions. Ashok Leyland currently manufactures around 80,000 vehicles per year, including 11,000-14,000 buses. It produces the majority of all metropolitan transport buses in India, carrying some 60 million passengers per day.
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Global Warming Panel Issues Warning

By MELISSA EDDY 02.23.07, 3:57 PM ET
A U.N.-backed panel of international scientists is to warn that dangerous gas emissions must decline by 2020 if global warming is to be halted, German media reported Friday.

But the final part of a report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change insists that cutting carbon dioxide emissions alone is not enough.

It urges industry and business leaders to invest $16 billion in the renewable energy sector and calls on auto makers to start producing smaller, more energy-efficient cars, according to the the online edition of Germany's Sueddeutsche Zeitung.

Der Spiegel Online also carried advance findings of the report, not due to be released until May.

Last month in Paris, in a major announcement on climate change, the group issued the first part of its findings, warning that "warming of the climate system is unequivocal," the cause is "very likely" man-made, and the menace will "continue for centuries."story continued

Eco-friendly rides that can go fast too

By Elizabeth Blish Hughes
The first speeding ticket issued in the United States went to a hybrid vehicle — in 1904, to the driver of a car that used a gasoline engine to supplement a battery pack. Granted, that 1904 citation must be taken in the context of pedestrians and pony carts — Harry Myers of Dayton, Ohio, was ticketed for going 12 mph — but it can be seen as early proof that high performance and environmental friendliness don’t have to be mutually exclusive, as they've been for the last century.

Think “hybrid” or “electric car” today, and speed probably isn’t the first thing that comes to mind. Regardless, interest in and ownership of alternative-fuel vehicles has never been higher. By August 2006 there were 9 million alternative-fuel autos tooling about, that’s up from 8.3 million in 2005 and 3 million in 2000, according to auto research firm R.L. Polk & Co.

More than 700,000 hybrid, diesel and ethanol vehicles were sold in the first half of 2006 (full-year 2006 data was not available at publication time). And while most of those vehicles don’t go fast enough for auto enthusiasts who crave speed, an increasing number of green-minded gearheads are looking to get their fix from boutique companies producing short runs of alternatively-fueled supercars. “Alternative fuel performance cars let people know that the status quo is no longer a golf cart,” says Ron Freund, chairman of the Electric Auto Association, which has chapters in 41 states.

OPEC works to stabilize market despite easing of oil prices

Oil prices are lower after failing to maintain the $60 plus mark achieved last week.



Comments from Saudi oil minister Naimi suggesting the oil market is "balanced" and further cuts would not be necessary are also somewhat bearish.



While prices have backed off last week's sharp lift, OPEC has been working hard to stabilize the market through persistent production cuts. If one observes the long-term oil chart, there is evidence to suggest that OPEC's (and the Saudi's) goal is to stabilize prices in a fairly narrow trading range. Stable prices tend to support consumption, which is always in any producer's long-term best interest. In charting since late August, a case could be made that OPEC's newly desired price range is $55 to $65, based on nearest futures.


In our opinion, the dip in oil prices as seen after New Years was driven by commodity index adjustments and withdrawals rather than simply supply v. demand. Now that this selling has ended, we feel we are now moving back into the earlier trading range as shaped by OPEC.

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Cheap Hydrogen: GE's Low-Cost Electrolyzer

BY Logan Ward
Futurists promise that hydrogen will replace fossil fuels someday. There's just one problem: Today, 95 percent of the world's available hydrogen is extracted from natural gas. Getting hydrogen from water, the greener alternative, is too expensive to be practical. Or it was, until a recent innovation by engineer Richard Bourgeois and his colleagues at a General Electric research facility in Niskayuna, N.Y.story continued

Ethanol Power from Saab

By Glady Reign
Saab is continuing its drive to produce vehicles that runs on cleaner burning fuels. They have already made to the public a 9-5 BioPower which run on E85 fuel which is a combination of 85 percent bio-ethanol and 15 percent gasoline. This is similar to Volvo models which run on the same fuel. This may seem not enough for the car manufacturer since at the forthcoming 2007 Geneva Motor Show; they will be showcasing a 9-5 wagon which is equipped with a 2.0-liter engine that runs on E100 or 100 percent bio-ethanol. The concept car will be shown to the public as a testament of the car maker’s dedication to developing cleaner engines. The use of 100 percent fuel in an engine is a great stride forward in the use of alternative fuels.

In connection with the unveiling of the concept car, GM Powertrain CEO Kjell ac Bergstrom has this to say: “Bio-ethanol is a potent, high quality fuel which opens up exciting possibilities in helping to meet the environmental challenges that face us. As the need to reduce energy consumption increases, we are exploring ways to run smaller engines that give relatively high power, with and without hybrid technology. This concept car shows that ethanol can play a key role in this ‘right-sizing’ process, while also minimizing fossil fuel emissions.”
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Bill gives 10% tax rebates for hybrid cars

By April Castro / Associated Press
Article Launched: 02/17/2007 12:00:00 AM MST


AUSTIN -- Texans who buy hybrid vehicles could get a 10 percent rebate on their sales tax under legislation proposed Friday.
"This state must confront the serious challenge of reducing vehicle emissions -- not to mention reducing our dependence on foreign oil," said Rep. Dwayne Bohac, a Houston Republican who made the proposal along with Rep. Rafael Anchia, D-Dallas.

"This bill allows us to kill two birds with one stone by creating an incentive to drive more fuel efficient vehicles and getting older, less efficient vehicles off the road," Bohac said.

Buyers of hybrid engine or alternative fuel vehicles would be eligible for the rebate based on emissions ratings.
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Hybrids proving to be fast, fun option to energy, environment crisis

Friday, February 16, 2007

By J.B. Smith

Tribune-Herald staff writer

Jennifer Robbins thought she might want a hybrid gasoline-electric vehicle, but she was skeptical about the fun factor.

Sure, she wanted to cut her gasoline bill and help save the environment. But she also wanted a car with creature comforts for her real estate clients and a little thrill for herself.

Her doubts melted away last December at the local Honda dealership, when she got behind the wheel of a pearl-graphite Accord hybrid with leather seats and stepped on the gas.

“I’m 40-something but I still have something of a wild streak,” Robbins said. “I’m telling you, this baby gets up and goes. It’s really fast. It’s a fun car.”

Hybrids aren’t just for tree huggers any more. Seven years after hybrid cars hit the Waco market, dealers say they sell as many as they can get their hands on. They say many customers are like Robbins, concerned about the environment but also about aesthetics and value.

New federal income tax credits, technological improvements and high gas prices have combined to close price differences between conventional and hybrid vehicles. And legislation filed Thursday by state Sen. Kip Averitt, R-McGregor, would offer $1,000 credits to low-income people in polluted areas who replace their high-polluting cars with hybrids.

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American Gas-Guzzlers Hurting Business as Well as Environment

GreenBiz.com
02/14/07
WASHINGTON, Feb. 14, 2007 -- The number of fuel-efficient vehicles is rapidly climbing in Europe, while the U.S. market now offers only two such cars -- even though Detroit automakers make a significant number of Europe's green machines, according to the Civil Society Institute.

CSI's 40mpg.org project, which aims to immediately increase the required fuel efficiency for vehicles sold in the U.S., announced the news as it released a report listing the 'fuel-efficient vehicles gap' and a study of American attitudes on auto regulations and fuel efficiency.

"The technology for great fuel efficiency is real, it exists overseas and can easily be imported to the United States," said Pam Solo, the president and founder of CSI. "America is needlessly losing the race to develop and deploy the best fuel-efficient technology, and to deliver it to the American consumer."

As evidence of the existence and demand for fuel-efficient vehicles, the report lists 113 fuel-efficient vehicles, up from 86 in 2005, while American drivers have only two. In late 2005, when CSI first conducted the research, there were five such vehicles on the road, but in the last two years, the Honda Insight and Volkswagen's diesel Beetle and Golf models have been shelved. The remaining fuel-efficient vehicles -- defined by the group as those getting a combined city and highway average of 40 miles per gallon -- are the Toyota Prius and Honda Civic, both hybrid cars.

"The U.S. is literally stuck in reverse when it comes to fuel efficiency, and it's falling farther behind the rest of the world," Ailis Aaron Wolf, a spokesperson for 40mpg.org. She added that an even more disturbing fact that emerged from the report is which auto companies are manufacturing all of Europe's fuel-efficient vehicles. "Nearly two-thirds -- 74 models -- of the 113 highly fuel efficient car models that are unavailable to American consumers are either made by U.S. auto manufacturers -- for example, Ford and GM -- or foreign manufacturers with substantial U.S. sales operations, like Volkswagen, Nissan and Toyota. story continued

Hybrid cars pose obstacles for the blind

LAGUNA BEACH, Calif., Feb. 13 (UPI) -- A near accident when a blind man almost stepped into Laguna Beach, Calif., traffic has highlighted an unintended consequence of hybrid cars -- quiet.

Cars like the Toyota Prius that Michael Osborn nearly walked in front of before being stopped by his guide dog are silent when running on electric battery power, causing a problems for blind pedestrians, the Wall Street Journal reported Tuesday.


"Half an inch and it would have hit us ... it wasn't making any noise," said Osborn.


"I'm an environmentalist, and I'm all for quiet cars," he said. "But it poses a particular problem for somebody who has no vision."


Sound is key for blind people using canes or guide dogs who wish to cross the street. Hybrid cars on average make much less noise than vacuum cleaners, the Journal said.


The National Federation of the Blind is calling for the auto industry to alter hybrid car designs to make sounds loud enough to hear over other ambient noises.


"We want to get ahead of this and not have to wait until five blind people end up seriously hurt or dead," said Gary Wunder, a member of the NFB Committee on Automobile and Pedestrian Safety.

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Auto show display helps consumers make sense of alternate fuel vehicles

By Roz Varon

February 12, 2007 - With gas prices going up and down, more consumers are looking into the benefits of buying alternative fuel vehicles. A special display at the Chicago Auto Show may help sort it all out for car buyers. Hybrid cars, flex fuel, clean diesel. If you're confused by the variety of alternative fuel vehicles now being offered, you're not alone!

"I don't know too much about them," said Daphne Carter, auto show visitor.

"It's hard to figure out how much the alternative energy requires to make, as opposed to an oil driven car, which we know how much that uses," said Steve Baroni, auto show visitor.

According to the Auto Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, over 1 million alternative fuel vehicles were sold last year, so this year they have devoted an entire exhibit to these cars at the Chicago Auto Show.

"By having a display like this, it might give people a glimpse of what the manufacturers are thinking of to make it better, safer and environmentally friendly for the future," said Jerry Cizek, Chicago Auto Show general manager.

And it's east to understand. For instance, a flex fuel vehicle can run on E-85 (ethanol), gasoline or a combination of both. An electric hybrid uses an electric battery for speeds under 40 mph and gasoline for highway speeds.

Saving money, or saving the environment, it depends. more on this story

Plug-in hybrids: the way to reduce emissions and foster energy independence

By Steven Letendre, Paul Denholm,Peter Lilienthal, Mon Feb 12, 3:00 AM ET

POULTNEY, VT.; AND GOLDEN, COLO. - We have within our grasp automotive technology to reduce US oil dependence dramatically. Its development and use, however, requires a coordinated effort between the nation's public utilities and car manufacturers. Now is the time for the electric power industry to apply its expertise and clout to the development of new automotive technology that relies to a greater degree on domestic energy resources.
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The prospect of millions of vehicles plugging into the nation's electric grid in coming decades has never been better. In 2005, the number of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) reached 1.2 percent of new cars sold in the United States, more than doubling the number of the previous year. Spotting a trend, carmakers are rushing to bring hybrids into their dealers' showrooms.

It would be a natural step - and a great benefit - to allow hybrids to charge their batteries via the electric grid. Indeed, there is a growing movement to bring plug-in hybrids to market. This is driven by the economic and national-security benefits that result from displacing gasoline with electricity. Dozens of businesses, utilities, municipal governments, and environmental groups have joined a grass-roots campaign called Plug-In Partners to demonstrate to automobile manufacturers that a national market exists for plug-in vehicles.

While there are no commercially available plug-in hybrids now, prototypes have been built and tested, most notably at the University of California, Davis, and by a collaboration between the Electric Power Research Institute and DaimlerChrysler.

In addition, three start-up firms offer conversion kits for hybrid cars to allow grid charging of the on-board battery pack. These offer the potential to almost double a hybrid's fuel efficiency to approximately 100 miles per gallon.more on this story

Bush urges Congress to back energy initiatives

ASSOCIATED PRESS
2/11/2007

WASHINGTON - President Bush asked Congress to help solve "one of the great challenges facing our generation" by approving proposals that he says will cut U.S. gasoline consumption by up to 20 percent over 10 years.
"Every member of Congress who cares about strengthening our economy, protecting our national security and confronting climate change should support the energy initiatives I have set out," the president said Saturday in his weekly radio address. "We can leave behind a cleaner and better world for our children and grandchildren."

Bush's energy proposals, outlined in his State of the Union address last month, include ramping up the production of alternative fuels such as ethanol made from new, noncorn feedstocks.

The president wants to require the use of 35 billion gallons a year of ethanol and other alternative fuels, such as soybean-based biodiesel, by 2017, a fivefold increase over current requirements. The ethanol would be in gasoline blends of 10 percent to 85 percent.

The call for sharp increases in ethanol use will get bipartisan support in Congress.

But production of ethanol from corn is expected to fall far short of the target. So Bush envisions a major speedup of research into production of "cellulosic" ethanol made from wood chips, switchgrass and other feedstocks.


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GM hybrids still eligible for federal tax credit

WASHINGTON - The Internal Revenue Service said Wednesday that hybrid cars made by General Motors Corp, are still eligible for a tax credit intended to encourage buying the fuel-efficient cars because the company has not yet hit a legal cap on the credit.

The federal tax credit for new hybrid vehicles begins to phase out after a car maker has sold 60,000 hybrid or other fuel-efficient vehicles.

GM has sold more than 5,500 hybrid trucks and SUVs made by Chevrolet, Saturn and GMC since the credit started last year, with more than 3,300 sold in the fourth quarter of 2006, the IRS said.story continued

Honda hydrogen fuel cell vehicle

Honda is proud to introduce the newest Honda fuel-cell car, the FCX Concept, a precursor to the production car coming in 2008. This amazing vehicle drives completely clean—emitting nothing into the air but water vapor. And the energy source for this next-generation automobile is…hydrogen. A clean, domestic fuel that significantly cuts carbon emissions. Yet unlike early fuel-cell prototypes, the FCX Concept features a well-equipped, full-sized cabin, complete with the latest amenities. There will be lots more to learn about fuel-cell technology in the near future as the new FCX Concept evolves into a production vehicle. Because the future is closer than you think.check out the future

Porsche Rails at Emissions Caps That Favor Ghosn's Smaller Cars

By Alan Katz and Jeremy van Loon

Feb. 6 (Bloomberg) -- Porsche AG is under threat from the drive to combat global warming, Chief Executive Officer Wendelin Wiedeking says.

Wiedeking has joined with other German luxury-car makers to protest a mandatory European Union cap on carbon-dioxide emissions that he says favors companies such as Renault SA and Fiat SpA that produce smaller vehicles.

``This is a business war in Europe,'' Wiedeking, 54, told shareholders at Stuttgart's Porsche Arena on Jan. 26. ``It's the French and Italians up against the Germans.''

The European Commission is proposing binding limits because carmakers risk missing voluntary targets. The commission plans to outline a preliminary proposal tomorrow in Brussels. Carlos Ghosn of France's Renault says it's time the industry did more to protect the environment. Renault, PSA Peugeot Citroen and Turin, Italy-based Fiat each have several models with limited emissions.

Cars account for more than a 10th of the EU's emissions of CO2, the main gas blamed for global warming.

``Jobs are not lost when you proactively embrace change, but if you reactively resist it,'' said Johannes Laitenberger, the spokesman for Commission President Jose Barroso. The goal is to limit climate change while preserving competitiveness, he said.

``The key to meeting both objectives is to be ahead of the game, not sticking our heads in the sand, not standing still,'' Laitenberger told reporters in Brussels on Jan. 29.

120 Grams

Passenger cars in the EU emit an average 161 grams of CO2 a kilometer (9.14 ounces a mile), according to the EU.

The European industry's non-binding goal is to reduce emissions to 140 grams in 2008. EU regulators have discussed a mandatory cap of 120 grams a kilometer in 2012, said Environment Commissioner Stavros Dimas. Porsche's least-emitting vehicles are versions of the Boxster and Cayman sports cars, which each produce 222 grams of CO2 per kilometer.

It will cost carmakers an average 2,532 euros ($3,297) a vehicle to meet both targets, according to an October 2006 report for the commission. The cost to Porsche may average 4,650 euros a car, said Ferdinand Dudenhoeffer, head of the Center for Automotive Research at the University of Gelsenkirchen near Dusseldorf in Germany. He was once an executive at the company.

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Ford in the Alternative Energy Future

Dearborn MI February 4, 2007; Ford engineers are working on alternative-fuel powertrain systems, including hybrid, clean diesel, hydrogen combustion and fuel cell to accommodate the variety of resources and requirements around the world that will dictate which technologies are likely to catch on, says Nancy Gioia, Ford Motor Company director of Sustainable Mobility Technology Lab and Hybrid Vehicle Programs.

"The reason we don't think there is a single solution is that while there are common challenges around the world, the economic, political and social realities differ from region to region," Gioia told the Automotive World Leadership Congress. "Each region will move toward a solution based not only on the major policy issues of the time, but on the established infrastructure, political climate and unique economies as well as consumer income levels, driving habits, vehicle requirements and preferences."

In Brazil, for example, where sugar crops are abundant, biofuels work well. Biofuels eventually may become more prevalent in North America, where ethanol is slowly gaining traction. But in Europe, where farmland is scarcer, biofuels may prove less desirable, whereas diesel technology has gained a strong toehold.

"Since all of the future fuels under consideration have benefits and drawbacks, it is very possible all of these fuels will be employed for different drivers in different regions in the world," Gioia said.

Europe's need for fuel efficiency became critical earlier than North America's, helping to spur the development of diesel-burning vehicles. Emissions standards for carbon dioxide (CO2) are more stringent in Europe, but carbon dioxide emissions are not regulated in the United States by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).story continued

Good news - and bad - on electric cars

By Bruce V. Bigelow
UNION-TRIBUNE STAFF WRITER
It seemed like a good idea at the time.

After buying a 2007 Honda Civic hybrid-electric car in November, Kara Morales was a little disappointed. Her dark-gray sedan, which is “beautiful” and has “tons of gadgets,” has been getting only about 38 miles to the gallon.

“We were getting close to that with our old Civic,” said Morales, who teaches Spanish to seventh-and eighth-graders in the Poway school district.

But Morales had another reason to buy the new car. So when she called tax experts who fielded calls Jan. 27 on a hotline sponsored by The San Diego Union-Tribune, her big question was, “How do I claim the tax credit for a hybrid vehicle?”

Good question.

Mark Adler, the certified public accountant who answered her call, at first seemed the ideal person to answer the question. He loves electric cars and even owns a Bradley GT, an all-electric sports car with gull-wing doors.

When gasoline prices hit $3 a gallon in April, people began looking more seriously at switching to hybrid-electric vehicles, Adler said.

HEVs are powered primarily by a conventional internal-combustion engine. But they also convert energy normally wasted during coasting and braking into electricity, which is stored in batteries until needed by the electric motor.

HEVs use battery power at low speeds, then switch to the gasoline engine at higher speeds. The system is more fuel-efficient, so that hybrid models can get improved gas mileage.

Sometimes, though, the difference is marginal.

The U.S. Department of Energy's Web site, www.fueleconomy.gov, shows that a conventional Honda Civic gets between 30 and 40 miles per gallon.

The same site shows fuel economy for the Honda Civic hybrid, based on government estimates, at about 50 mpg. But fueleconomy.gov also notes that average users report the number based on actual driving is closer to 43 mpg.

Nevertheless, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 offers consumers a great incentive to buy a hybrid by providing a tax credit for HEVs bought and placed into service after Jan. 1, 2006.

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Investing in the environment

Leading climate scientists said on Friday that global warming was "very likely" man-made, largely as a result of burning fossil fuels.President George W. Bush broached the environment topic in his State of the Union Address, calling on Americans to slash their gasoline use by 20 percent over the next decade. His initiative includes a significant increase in domestic fuels, such as ethanol. Investors looking to make some green moves of their own have many options, from companies involved in biofuels, such as ethanol, to hybrid automobiles.

Many of these "green" companies are already attracting attention. In the days leading up to the State of the Union Address, investors flocked to call options on companies related to ethanol , including Aventine Renewable Energy Holdings Inc. (AVR) and Pacific Ethanol Inc. (PEIX). Additionally, Vinod Khosla, Silicon Valley's biggest alternative energy investor, recently forecast a rapid rise in cellulosic ethanol production and utility-grade solar power.

With all of the attention on global warming, it should not be surprising to see that many companies are touting their environmental initiatives, including such firms as General Electric Co. (GE) and BP plc (BP). Even Exxon Mobil Corp. (XOM), which Thursday announced record profits thanks to high oil prices, indicated a possible move into ethanol, if it can see a viable business reason.

LOOKING AT ETHANOL story continued

What You Need To Know About Making Ethanol Fuel

By Diane Crawford
Ethanol fuel is a plant derived fuel which can be either mixed with gasoline, or used by itself for use in almost any internal combustion engine. This means that cars, trucks, boats and even lawnmowers can use ethanol as their fuel source. Ethanol has several advantages over gasoline, with the two predominate advantages being that it is a renewable energy source, and it reduces pollutants drastically.

Making ethanol fuel is not a difficult task, and almost anyone can legally make their own. Ethanol fuel is made in a distillation process which works on the fermentation of vegetable matter. Corn, sugar cane and potatoes are but a few of the candidates that are ideal for making ethanol fuel. Ethanol fuel can also be made from the scraps left over from these vegetable materials.

One fact that most people do not know is that the first automobiles which were introduced did not run on gasoline, but alcohol. This was also true of farming tractors and large industrial size engines. Gasoline was not used until it became more widely available and the cost of producing the ethanol alcohol increased.

Ethanol alcohol burns so clean that it can be used in closed rooms to burn lanterns or stoves and it will leave no toxic or odorous fumes. It has been used as a fuel source for well over a century. It is derived from plants, and the by product of burning it is the release of carbon dioxide, which plants need to breathe themselves. This is opposed to gasoline which when burns produces carbon monoxide, which is deadly to most life forms on Earth. Ethanol also has a much higher octane rating than gasoline, giving better performance when used in automobiles.

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